To find the variance using the variance calculator enter the comma-separated values in the box.
To use variance calculator, follow the below steps.
Variance calculator is used to find the actual distance of the data values from the mean. This calculator provides the result of the mean, standard deviation, and the sum of squares along with steps.
In statistics, the term variance refers to a statistical measurement of the spread between numbers in a data set from the mean. It is denoted by σ2.
The square root of the variance gives the result of the standard deviation.
The formula of variance is of two types one for the sample variance and the other is for the population variance.
The formula for the sample variance is:
\( s^2=\frac{\sum \:_{i=1}^N\:\left(x_i-x̄\right)^2}{N-1}\:\)
The formula for the population variance is:
\( \:σ^2=\frac{\sum \:_{i=1}^N\:\left(x_i-\mu \right)^2}{N}\:\)
The calculation of variance can be carried out by using the sample and population variance calculator above. Here are few examples to calculate variance manually.
Example 1: For sample variance
Find the variance of the given sample data.
1, 5, 7, 8, 9
Solution
Step 1: Calculate the sample mean.
Sample mean = x̄ = sum of data values / total number of observations
= x̄ = \(\:\frac{1\:+\:5\:+\:7\:+\:8\:+9}{5}\)
= x̄ = \(\:\frac{30}{5}=6 \)
Step 2: Now subtract the data values from the mean and find the square of differences.
Xi | (xi - x̄) | (xi - x̄)2 |
| 1 | 1 – 6 = -5 | (-5)2 = 25 |
| 5 | 5 – 6 = -1 | (-1)2 = 1 |
| 7 | 7 – 6 = 1 | (1)2 = 1 |
| 8 | 8 – 6 = 2 | (2)2 = 4 |
| 9 | 9 – 6 = 3 | (3)2 = 9 |
Step 3: Find the statistical sum of squares.
Σ (xi - x̄)2 = 25 + 1 + 1 + 4 + 9
= 40
Step 4: Divide the statistical sum of squares by N-1 to get the sample variance.
\( \frac{\sum \:_{i=1}^N\:\left(x_i-x̄\right)^2}{N-1}=\frac{40}{5-1}\:\)
\( \frac{\sum \:_{i=1}^N\:\left(x_i-x̄\right)^2}{N-1}=\frac{40}{4}=10\:\)
Use sample variance calculator above to cross check the result.
Example 2: For population variance
Find the variance of the given population data.
2, 8, 11, 14, 20
Solution
Step 1: Calculate the population mean.
Population mean = µ = sum of data values / total number of observations
= µ = \( \frac{\left(2\:+\:8\:+\:11\:+\:14\:+\:20\right)}{5}\)
= µ = \(\frac{55}{5}=11\)
Step 2: Now subtract the data values from the mean and find the square of differences.
| Xi | (xi - µ) | (xi - µ)2 |
| 2 | 2 – 11 = -9 | (-9)2 = 81 |
| 8 | 8 – 11 = -3 | (-3)2 = 9 |
| 11 | 11 – 11 = 0 | (0)2 = 0 |
| 14 | 14 – 11 = 3 | (3)2 = 9 |
| 20 | 20 – 11 = 9 | (9)2 = 81 |
Step 3: Find the statistical sum of squares.
Σ (xi - µ)2 = 81 + 9 + 0 + 9 + 81
= 180
Step 4: Divide the statistical sum of squares by N to get the population variance.
\(\frac{\sum \:_{i=1}^N\:\left(x_i-\mu \right)^2}{N}=\frac{180}{5}=36\:\)
What is a variance? |Investopedia.
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